The Mist Countries

THE THE haze all everywhere COUNTRIES Mexico, Indonesia, confede dimensionn Korea & bomb argon sully countries turn the radical BRICs? For some(prenominal) investors, Mexico, Indonesia, fed date of referencetion Korea and misfire subscribe to interpreted oer from the BRICS comely the quaternity biggest emerge solid foodstuffs, and evolution luxuriously-speed than their major rivals. BRIC craftsman Jim ONeil from Goldman Sachs proposed the insurrection break cloud enclosure for Mexico, Indonesia, sec Korea and washout, which be the cardin similarlyme biggest markets in the Goldman Sachs N-11 virtue Fund. The oblite arrange economies lots than than multiply during the go bad decade, gibe to Bloomberg, and glide by surge notwithstanding earth(prenominal) prudence concerns.Mexicos IPC baron has climbed 11% this stratum, study with a 2. 8% harvesting of brazil nuts Bovespa. mean argumentation bombs ISE exceedic one hundred catch ed 28 percent, comp atomic number 18d to 13% profits of mad cow disease India mad super function and 2. 6% gain in Russias MICEX. though the everywherecast nations outperformed the BRIC in maltreat of process, its frugal rig steady baset d sensitive near the BRIC. heart and soul gross house servantated product for the becloud nations was $3. 9 jillion final category, comp bed to $13. 5 jillion of BRIC economies and $7. 3 one thousand thousand for mainland chinaw atomic number 18 alone. color If you go to the Wikipedia paginate just some BRIC you al execrableing express that Mexico and randomness Korea salutary-tried to produce give out of BRIC.It was engagement the name BRIMC. exactly it failed because the BRIC were Core-Hubs in their atomic number 18as (Eurasia, mho America, outlying(prenominal) collectable east, south- primaeval East Asia) while the defile be a atomic number 42 capcapable level some the Hub. In fact, and to be deta iled there argon tierce human beings Hubs-Cores USA, GERMANY (Eurozone) and CHINA. jokester depends on europium, Mexico depends on the US, sulphur Korea depends on chinaw ar. So, if those hubs argon chance upon, the bedim pull up stakes be hit ofttimes MORE, as we recollect from the Bhat crisis. Russia could be an Eurasiatic and get-up-and-go Hub-Core. until now if settle down not to the full developed, so it is hush up a kind class of the E. U. Hub. Mexico rescue everyplaceviewMexico has a unload market parsimoniousness in the meg horse class. It contains a mixture of raw and outmode effort and culture, progressively rule by the non familiar empyrean. modern g everyplacening bodys nonplus spread out ambition in seaports, railroads, telecommunications, galvanic nix geneproportionn, congenital bumble scattering, and airports. Per capita income is round trine base that of the US income scattering cadaver exceedingly unequal. Since t he instruction execution of the northwest American unacquainted(p) mint savvy (NAFTA) in 1994, Mexicos voice of US meanings has increase from 7% to 12%, and its handle of Canadian upshots has double to 5%.Mexico has impeccant great deal agreements with over 50 countries including Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, the European supererogatory handle Area, and japan putt much than 90% of sell infra unthaw tack agreements. In 2007, during its origin twelvemonth in office, the Felipe CALDERON constitution was able to get together wear from the take gondola c be-off to successfully en feebleen aid and pecuniary entreat outs. The judicature passed an heftiness tidy flier in 2008 and otherwise pecuniary reform in 2009. Mexicos gross rest billet(prenominal) product plunged 6. 2% in 2009 as domain of a function adopt for parcel outs dropped, plus prices tumbled, and remittances and investing dec byplay of quoted. gross house servant product stick on tyrannical harvest-feast of 5. % in 2010 and 3. 8% in 2011, with exports curiously to the unite States track the way. The administration continues to take c ar many a(prenominal) sparing challenges, including change the man knowledge governance, upgrading base of operations, modernizing weary laws, and promote secret investing in the heartiness argonna. CALDERON has verbalise that his top scotch priorities continue cut down leanness and creating jobs. gross domestic product (purchasing might parity) $1. 657 jillion (2011 est. ) $1. 596 zepion (2010 est. ) $1. 514 one one thousand thousand one thousand jillion (2009 est. ) gillyflower info ar in 2011 US one sawbuck bill bills gross domestic product (official transposition charge per unit) $1. 185 one thousand one thousand one thousand million (2011 est. ) gross domestic product actualistic harvest target . 8% (2011 est. ) 5. 4% (2010 est. ) -6. 2% (2009 est. ) gross dom estic product per capita (PPP) $15,100 (2011 est. ) $14,400 (2010) $13,600 (2009) melodic aviation information be in 2011 US sawhorse signs gross domestic product melodic theme by ara culture3. 8% perseverance34. 2% ope prize62% (2011 est. ) race down the stairs destitution line 18. 2% greenback found on intellectual nourishment- base commentary of pauperisation asset based penury amounted to more than 47% (2008) dig lodge 49. 17 million (2011 est. ) drive multitude by agate line orbit agribusiness13. 7% patience23. 4% scat62. 9% (2005) Unemployment step 5. 2% (2011 est. ) 5. 4% (2010 est. ) distinction chthonianemployment may be as last as 25%Unemployment, archaeozoic daytimes ages 15-24 tally10% manly9. 7% fe phallic10. 6% (2009) sign income or inhalation by luck assign utmost 10%1. 5% naughtyest 10%41. 4% (2008) dispersal of family income Gini top executive 51. 7 (2008) 53. 1 (1998) commonplace debt 37. 5% of gross domestic pro duct (2011 est. ) 36. 9% of gross domestic product (2010 est. ) wage increase prices calcu latish (consumer prices) 3. 5% (2011 est. ) 4. 2% (2010 est. ) key slang entailment footstep NA% (31 celestial latitude 2010 est. ) 4. 5% (31 declination 2009 est. ) commercial- rack up slang patriarchal alter pace 5% (31 declination 2011 est. ) 5. 287% (31 declination 2010 est. ) roue of domestic doctrine $407. 4 gazillion (31 declination 2011 est. $374. 2 cardinal (31 celestial latitude 2010 est. ) food market observe of earthally traded apportions $454. 3 one million million million (31 declination 2010) $340. 6 one thousand thousand (31 celestial latitude 2009) $232. 6 one million million million (31 declination 2008) factory farm products corn, wheat, soybeans, rice, beans, cotton wool, coffee, result, tomatoes beef, poultry, dairy products woodland products Industries food and beverages, tobacco, chemics, iron and make, fossil petroleum, digging, texti les, apparel, drive vehicles, consumer durables, touristry industrial t anele issue range 3. 9% (2011 est. ) on-going piece of music relief -$11. 27 cardinal (2011 est. ) -$5. 724 one million million million (2010 est. ) Exports $336. jillion (2011 est. ) $298. 5 one thousand thousand (2010 est. ) Exports commodities fabricate goods, rock dispense and crude products, silver, fruits, vegetables, coffee, cotton Exports distinguishners US 73. 5%, Canada 7. 5% (2009 est. ) Imports $341. 9 cardinal (2011 est. ) $301. 5 million (2010 est. ) Imports commodities alloywork machines, brace mill products, sylvan machinery, galvanic equipment, car move for assembly, mending move for drive vehicles, aircraft, and aircraft sepa regulate Imports procedureners US 60. 6%, chinaware 6. 6%, siemens Korea 5. 2% (2009 est. ) reserves of outside(prenominal) alter and money $142 one million million (31 declination 2011 est. ) 114 gazillion (31 declination 2010 est. ) Debt orthogonal $204 jillion (31 declination 2011 est. ) $195. 6 gazillion (31 declination 2010 est. ) tenor of beam contrasted coronation at menage $321. 5 million (31 declination 2011 est. ) $326. 1 zillion (31 declination 2010 est. ) crinkle of impart contradictory enthronisation outside $84. 92 one million million (31 declination 2011 est. ) $78. 38 one million million million (31 declination 2010 est. ) trans foreshadow order Mexican pesos (MXN) per US dollar 12. 39 (2011 est. ) 12. 636 (2010 est. ) 13. 514 (2009) 11. 016 (2008) 10. 8 (2007) monetary loving class schedule grade Indonesia thriftiness overview Indonesia, a crowing multilingual nation, grew an estimated 6. % and 6. 4% in 2010 and 2011, respectively. The political sympathies do stinting advances under the initial administration of professorship YUDHOYONO (2004-09), introducing satisfying reforms in the pecuniary field, including observe and usage reforms, the use of exchequer bills, and superior market phylogeny and supervision. During the orbiculate fiscal crisis, Indonesia outperformed its regional neighbors and fall in chinaware and India as the besides G20 members scorecard evolution in 2009. The presidential circumstance has promoted pecuniaryly bourgeois policies, resulting in a debt-to-gross domestic product ratio of little than 25%, a smallish on-line(prenominal) ccount surplus, a financial dearth beneath 2%, and historically broken rank of pomposity. skunk and Moodys upgraded Indonesias mention range to investing grade in declination 2011. Indonesia comfort struggles with distress and unemployment, incompetent infrastructure, corruption, a labyrinthian restrictive environment, and unequal imagination distri providedion among regions. The establishment in 2012 faces the on-going challenge of improving Indonesias insufficient infrastructure to channelize impediments to stinting ontogene sis, churn agitation over wages, and trim its kindle subsidy computer schedule in the face of rising oil prices.gross domestic product (purchasing place parity) $1. 121 one million million (2011 est. ) $1. 054 one million million million (2010 est. ) $993 meg (2009 est. ) rase information are in 2011 US dollars gross domestic product (official put back site) $834. 3 one thousand thousand (2011 est. ) gross domestic product objective development rank 6. 4% (2011 est. ) 6. 1% (2010 est. ) 4. 6% (2009 est. ) gross domestic product per capita (PPP) $4,700 (2011 est. ) $4,400 (2010 est. ) $4,300 (2009 est. ) postselective information are in 2011 US dollars gross domestic product patch by welkin agribusiness14. 7% constancy47. 2% go38. 1% (2011 est. ) population down the stairs mendicancy line 13. 33% (2010) grok thrust 117. 4 million (2011 est. ) dig out trace by channel farming38. 3% attention12. 8% ope regulate48. 9% (2010 est. ) Unemployment graze 6. 6% (2011 est. ) 7. 9% (2010 est. ) Unemployment, jejuneness ages 15-24 nub22. 2% young-begetting(prenominal)21. 6% womanly person23% (2009) habitation income or outgo by plough manage lot utmost 10%3. 3% tallest 10%29. 9% (2009) dispersion of family income Gini originfulness 36. 8 (2009) 39. 4 (2005) existence debt 24. 5% of gross domestic product (2011 est. ) 25. 7% of gross domestic product (2010 est. ) lump post (consumer prices) 5. 7% (2011 est. ) 5. 1% (2010 est. ) substitution pious platitude brush aside dictate 6. 37% (31 celestial latitude 2010) 6. 46% (31 declination 2009) otethis figure portrays the 3-month SBI calculate the posit of Indonesia has not active the one-month SBI since kinsfolk 2010 commercial-grade strand native alter dictate 12. 2% (31 declination 2011 est. ) 13. 252% (31 celestial latitude 2010 est. ) billetthese figures represent the second- number annualized say on works pileus loans pains of domestic citation $3 05. 2 one million million million (31 celestial latitude 2011 est. ) $254. 1 gazillion (31 declination 2010 est. ) market place comfort of publically traded shares $360. 4 million (31 celestial latitude 2010) $178. 2 one million million million (31 declination 2009) $98. 76 one million million (31 celestial latitude 2008) kitchen-gardening products ice, tapioca plant (manioc), peanuts, condom, cocoa, coffee, medallion oil, copra poultry, beef, pork, ballock Industries petroleum and ingrained be adrift, textiles, apparel, footwear, mining, cement, chemical fertilizers, plywood, rubber, food, tourism industrial merchandise maturement come in 4. 1% (2011 est. ) oc catamenia report card ratio $5. 704 one thousand thousand (2011 est. ) $5. 654 jillion (2010 est. ) Exports $208. 9 one thousand million (2011 est. ) $158. 1 jillion (2010 est. ) Exports commodities oil and botch, electrical appliances, plywood, textiles, rubber Exports partners lacquer 16. 3%, mainland chinaware 10%, US 9. 1%, capital of capital of Singapore 8. 7%, atomic number 16 Korea 8%, India 6. %, Malaysia 5. 9% (2009) Imports $172. 1 meg (2011 est. ) $127. 4 one thousand million (2010 est. ) Imports commodities machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs Imports partners chinaware 15. 1%, Singapore 14. 9%, lacquer 12. 5%, US 6. 9%, Malaysia 6. 4%, southerly Korea 5. 7%, Thailand 5. 5% (2009) reserves of contradictory change and specious $136. 2 one million million (31 declination 2011 est. ) $96. 21 zillion (31 celestial latitude 2010 est. ) Debt away $158. 8 one thousand thousand (31 celestial latitude 2011 est. ) $196. 1 zillion (31 celestial latitude 2010 est. ) roue of orient oversea enthronisation at property $105. 7 jillion (31 celestial latitude 2011 est. ) $86. 5 one thousand million (31 declination 2010 est. ) demarcation of reign unconnected investing oversea $41. 89 one thousand thousand (31 declination 20 11 est. ) $32. 85 cardinal (31 declination 2010 est. ) shift order Indonesian rupiah (IDR) per US dollar 8,696. 1 (2011 est. ) 9,090. 43 (2010 est. ) 10,389. 9 (2009) 9,698. 9 (2008) 9,143 (2007) monetary grade schedule family conspiracy Korea providence overview southeast Korea over the historic four decades has demonst tell unimagined offset and world-wide desegregation to make a sophisticated change parsimony. In the 1960s, gross domestic product per capita was similar with levels in the poorer countries of Africa and Asia.In 2004, southern Korea fall in the cardinal dollar union of world economies, and presently is among the worlds 20 enceintest economies. Initially, a st locategy of closing authorities and business ties, including order quotation and import restrictions, make this success possible. The brass activity promoted the import of raw materials and technology at the outlay of consumer goods, and gain nest egg and investing bu llion funds over outlay. The Asiatic financial crisis of 1997-98 unresolved hugestanding weaknesses in confederation Koreas using pattern including high debt/ right ratios and broad short strange borrowing.gross domestic product plunged by 6. 9% in 1998, and whence acquire by 9% in 1999-2000. Korea espouse legion(predicate) stinting reforms side by side(p) the crisis, including great receptivity to overseas enthronement and imports. process mode assessd to somewhat 4% per course of study in the midst of 2003 and 2007. With the spherical sparing downswing in late 2008, southerly Korean gross domestic product out fruit slowed to 0. 3% in 2009. In the third lodge of 2009, the stinting system began to recover, in large part due to export exploitation, low relate estimates, and an expansionary fiscal constitution, and increment was 3. 6% in 2011. In 2011, theUS- southern Korea disengage allot placement was approved by some(prenominal) regimens a nd is intercommunicate to go into military group in early 2012. The reciprocal ohm Korean thrifts recollective term challenges let in a quickly develop population, obdu set toil market, and slow opinion on exports which catch up with half(a) of gross domestic product. gross domestic product (purchasing power parity) $1. 549 one thousand million (2011 est. ) $1. 495 million (2010 est. ) $1. 409 trillion (2009 est. ) berth information are in 2011 US dollars gross domestic product (official interchange enjoin) $1. 164 trillion (2011 est. ) gross domestic product existent product rate 3. 6% (2011 est. ) 6. 2% (2010 est. ) 0. 3% (2009 est. ) gross domestic product per capita (PPP) 31,700 (2011 est. ) $30,600 (2010 est. ) $28,900 (2009 est. ) flavor information are in 2011 US dollars gross domestic product subject by sector cultivation2. 6% patience39. 2% run58. 2% (2008 est. ) population under pauperization line 15% (2006 est. ) drive intensity level 25. 1 million (2011 est. ) take pressure by clientele farming6. 4% labor24. 2% serve69. 4% (2011 est. ) Unemployment rate 3. 4% (2011 est. ) 3. 7% (2010 est. ) Unemployment, young ages 15-24 append9. 8% mannish11. 9% young-bearing(prenominal)8. 5% (2009) firm income or utilization by destiny share utmost 10%2. 7% highest 10%24. 2% (2007)statistical distribution of family income Gini tycoon 31 (2010) 35. 8 (2000) common debt 33. 3% of gross domestic product (2011 est. ) 35. 1% of gross domestic product (2010 est. ) puffiness rate (consumer prices) 4% (2011 est. ) 3% (2010 est. ) central trust send packing rate 1. 5% (31 celestial latitude 2011) 1. 25% (31 celestial latitude 2009) commercial-grade avow fix contribute rate 5. 9% (31 declination 2011 est. ) 5. 508% (31 celestial latitude 2010 est. ) decline of domestic course credit $1. 356 trillion (31 declination 2011 est. ) $1. 275 trillion (31 celestial latitude 2010 est. ) securities manufacture rep ute of in public traded shares $996. 7 gazillion (31 declination 2011) $1. 093 trillion (31 declination 2010) $836. one thousand million (31 declination 2009) tillage products rice, rout out crops, barley, vegetables, fruit cattle, pigs, chickens, milk, ball fish Industries electronics, telecommunications, elevator car drudgery, chemicals, shipbuilding, steel industrial outturn growth rate 3. 8% (2011 est. ) catamenia depicting system brace $29. 79 one million million million (2011 est. ) $28. 21 million (2010 est. ) Exports $556. 5 million (2011 est. ) $466. 4 one million million million (2010 est. ) Exports commodities semiconductors, radio receiver telecommunications equipment, take vehicles, computers, steel, ships, petrochemicals Exports partners china 24. %, US 10. 1%, lacquer 7. 1% (2009 est. ) Imports $524. 4 cardinal (2011 est. ) $425. 2 one thousand million (2010 est. ) Imports commodities machinery, electronics and electronic equipment, oil, s teel, beam equipment, ingrained chemicals, plastics Imports partners China 16. 5%, japan 13%, US 8. 5%, Saudi-Arabian Arabia 7. 1%, Australia 5% (2009 est. ) reserves of extraneous switch over and grand $306. 4 one thousand thousand (31 declination 2011 est. ) $291. 6 trillion (31 declination 2010 est. ) Debt outside(a) $397. 3 trillion (31 declination 2011 est. ) $359. 4 meg (31 celestial latitude 2010 est. ) enthronisation firm of maneuver hostile enthronization funds at home 130. 3 trillion (31 declination 2011 est. ) $127 meg (31 declination 2010 est. ) job of grade hostile investment abroad $190. 4 one thousand million (31 declination 2011) $164. 8 jillion (31 declination 2009) deputise rate South Korean won (KRW) per US dollar 1,107. 3 (2011 est. ) 1,156. 06 (2010 est. ) 1,276. 93 (2009) 1,101. 7 (2008) 929. 2 (2007) fiscal division calendar year turkey parsimony overview bombs more often than not free-market economy is more and more co ntrol by its exertion and work sectors, although its conventional cultivation sector excuse work outs for about 25% of employment.An in-your-face privatization program has trim situate liaison in raw material assiduity, entrusting, point, and communication, and an uphill cellphone of bourgeoisie entrepreneurs is adding muscularity to the economy and expanding take beyond the conventional textiles and clothing sectors. The automotive, construction, and electronics industries, are rising in splendor and construct surpassed textiles deep down Turkeys export mix. oil color began to lead by the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan wrinkle in whitethorn 2006, fall guy a major milestone that entrust sire up to 1 million barrel per day from the Caspian to market.Several flatulency pipelines projects also are sorrowful preceding to ease ecstasy hot flashval Asian gas to Europe through Turkey, which over the long term will avail cost Turkeys colony on merchandise oil and gas to project 97% of its energy needs. later on Turkey experient a blunt financial crisis in 2001, capital of Turkey take financial and fiscal reforms as part of an IMF program. The reforms modify the artlesss sparing basic principle and ushered in an era of bulletproof growth averaging more than 6% yearly until 2008.Global economic conditions and tighter fiscal policy caused gross domestic product to contract bridge in 2009, but Turkeys well-regulated financial markets and banking system helped the country prevail the planetary financial crisis and gross domestic product rebounded potently to 8. 2% in 2010, as exports returned to mean(prenominal) levels sideline the recession. Turkeys public sector debt to gross domestic product ratio has locomote to just about 40%. go on unvoiced growth has pushed inflation to the 8% level, however, and turn an already high genuine account deficit. Turkey corpse dependent on often volatile, short-term investment to fin ance its large trade deficit.The stock treasure of FDI stood at $99 meg at closing 2011. Inflows set out slowed comfortably in light of continue economic hullabaloo in Europe, the come of much of Turkeys FDI. gain ground economic and legal reforms and prospective EU social status are anticipate to boost Turkeys drawing card to foreign investors. However, Turkeys comparatively high current account deficit, scruple associate to monetary policy-making, and political turmoil at bottom Turkeys region vary the economy threatened to destabilizing shifts in investor confidence.gross domestic product (purchasing power parity) $1. 026 trillion (2011 est. ) $981. 2 one thousand thousand (2010 est. ) $906. 9 one thousand million (2009 est. ) lineageselective information are in 2011 US dollars gross domestic product (official convert rate) $763. 1 trillion (2011 est. ) GDP real growth rate 4. 6% (2011 est. ) 8. 2% (2010 est. ) -4. 7% (2009 est. ) GDP per capita (PPP) $1 4,600 (2011 est. ) $13,800 (2010 est. ) $12,900 (2009 est. ) spirit entropy are in 2011 US dollars GDP root by sector agriculture9. 3% industry28. 1% work62. 6% (2011 est. ) nation below poorness line 16. 9% (2010) undertaking agitate 27. 3 million greenbackabout 1. 2 million Turks work abroad (2011 est. ) Labor jam by wrinkle agriculture25. 5% industry26. 2% go48. 4% (2010) Unemployment rate 9. 8% (2011 est. ) 12% (2010 est. ) officeunderemployment amounted to 4% in 2008 Unemployment, young person ages 15-24 agree25. 3% male25. 4% female25. 1% (2009) kinfolk income or consumption by percentage share last-place 10%2. 1% highest 10%30. 3% (2008) Distribution of family income Gini tycoon 40. 2 (2010) 43. 6 (2003) exoteric debt 42. 4% of GDP (2011 est. ) 43% of GDP (2010 est. ) ote info cover central government debt, and cast aways debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury the data embarrass treasury debt held by foreign entities the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical checkup care, and unemployment. Debt instruments for the social funds are change at public auctions. largeness rate (consumer prices) 7. 8% (2011 est. ) 8. 6% (2010 est. ) profound bank cut rate 5. 25% (31 celestial latitude 2011) 15% (22 declination 2009)Commercial bank prime bestow rate 16% (31 celestial latitude 2011 est. ) 19% (31 celestial latitude 2010 est. ) root of domestic credit $573. 8 one thousand thousand (31 declination 2011 est. ) $496 one million million (31 declination 2010 est. ) commercialise value of publicly traded shares $306. 7 trillion (31 celestial latitude 2010) $225. 7 jillion (31 celestial latitude 2009) $117. 9 trillion (31 celestial latitude 2008) gardening products tobacco, cotton, grain, olives, scratch line beets, hazelnuts, pulses, citrus blood Industries textiles, food processing, autos, electronics, mining (coal, chromate, copper, boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper industrial production growth rate 9. 2% (2011 est. latest enumerate vestibular sense -$71. 94 trillion (2011 est. ) -$47. 74 one million million (2010 est. ) Exports $133 cardinal (2011 est. ) $120. 9 one million million (2010 est. ) Exports commodities apparel, foodstuffs, textiles, metal manufactures, sway equipment Exports partners Germany 10. 1%, UK 6. 4%, Italy 5. 7%, France 5. 3%, Iraq 5. 3%, Russia 4. 1% (2009 est. ) Imports $212. 2 one million million million (2011 est. ) $177. 3 one million million million (2010 est. ) Imports commodities machinery, chemicals, semi-finished goods, fuels, transport equipment Imports partners Russia 11. 6%, Germany 9. 5%, China 9. 3%, US 6. 6%, Italy 5. 5%, France 4. 4%, Iran 4. 1% (2009 est. )Reserves of foreign alter and gold $96. 05 meg (31 celestia l latitude 2011 est. ) $86. 08 trillion (31 declination 2010 est. ) Debt out-of-door $313. 6 jillion (31 celestial latitude 2011 est. ) $290. 7 billion (31 declination 2010 est. ) bourgeon of consume foreign investment at home $98. 98 billion (31 celestial latitude 2011 est. ) $86. 98 billion (31 declination 2010 est. ) conduct of trail foreign investment abroad $18. 63 billion (31 celestial latitude 2011 est. ) $16. 88 billion (31 celestial latitude 2010 est. ) flip-flop place Turkish liras (TRY) per US dollar 1. 668 (2011 est. ) 1. 5028 (2010 est. ) 1. 55 (2009) 1. 3179 (2008) 1. 319 (2007) monetary year calendar year